. PRINCIPLES OF DIRECTING

Direction is a complex function as it deals with people whose behaviour is unpredictable. Effective direction is an art which a manager can learn and perfect through practice. However, managers can follow the following principles while directing their subordinates:
1 Harmony o objectives: Individuals join the organisation to satisfy their physiological and psychological needs. They are expected to work for the achievement of organisational objectives. They will perform their tasks better if they feel that it will satisfy their personal goals. Therefore, management should reconcile the personal goals of employees with the organisational goals.
2. Maximum individual contribution. Organisational objectives are achieved at the optimum level when every individual in the organisation makes maximum contribution towards them. Managers should, therefore, try to elicit maximum possible contribution from each subordinate.
3.Unity of command. A subordinate should get orders and instructions from one superior only. If he is made accountable to two bosses simultaneously, there will be confusion, conflict, disorder and indiscipline in the organisation. Therefore, every subordinate should be asked to report to only one manager.
4.Appropriate techniques. The managers should use correct direction techniques to ensure efficiency of direction. The techniques used should be suitable to the superior, the subordinates and the situation.
5 Direct Supervision. Direction becomes more effective when there is a direct personal contact between a superior and his subordinates. Such direct contact improves the morale and commitment of employees. Therefore, wherever possible direct supervision should be used.
„_ 6. Strategic use of informal organisation. Management should try to understand and make use of informal groups to strengthen formal or official relationships. This will improve the effectiveness of direction.
7 Managerial communication. A good system of communication between the superior and his subordinates helps to improve mutual understanding. Upward communication enables a manager to understand the subordinates and gives an opportunity to the subordinates to express their feelings.
8 Comprehension. Communication of orders and instructions is not sufficient. Managers should ensure that subordinates correctly understand what they are to do and how and when they are to do. This will avoid unnecessary queries and explanations.
9 Effective leadership. Managers should act as leaders so that they can influence the activities of their subordinates without dissatisfying them. As leaders, they should guide and counsel subordinates in their personal problems too. In this way, they can win the confidence and trust of their subordinates.
10. Principle of follow through. Directing is a continuous process. Therefore, after issuing orders and instructions, a manager should find out whether the subordinates are working properly and what problems they are facing. He should modify, if necessary, his orders in the light of these findings.